# liblouis: International Phonetic Alphabet # Copyright (C) 2016 Ludovic Oger <oger.ludovic@gmail.com> # This file is part of liblouis. # # liblouis is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as # published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the # License, or (at your option) any later version. # # liblouis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # Lesser General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public # License along with liblouis. If not, see # <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. # This table contains braille codes for a part of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA, 2005) : # The IPA symbols in this table do not conflict with other tables # The others IPA symbols might conflict with other tables are inclued in the 'IPA.utb' table. # (e.g. conflict: θ (Unicode 03B8) is the greek letter theta, french braille code is different between greek and phonetic) # --------REFERENCES-------- # - IPA Braille: An Updated Tactile Representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet # Print Edition # Edited by Robert Englebretson, Ph.D. # Produced by CNIB # For the International Council on English Braille - 2008 # <http://www.iceb.org/icebipa.htm> # (this reference document is reprinted in 'World Braille Usage - Third Edition - 2013 - Copyright (C) 1954, 1990 UNESCO') # # - "IPA Chart, http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart, # available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License. # Copyright (C) 2015 International Phonetic Association." # Last updated on January 23, 2018 #--------PULMONIC CONSONANTS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x0288 256-2345 # ʈ - right-tail t - voiceless retroflex plosive noback sign \x0256 256-145 # ɖ - right-tail d - voiced retroflex plosive noback sign \x025F 35-245 # ɟ - barred dotless j - voiced palatal plosive noback sign \x0261 1245 # ɡ - lowercase script g - voiced velar plosive noback sign \x0262 35-1245 # ɢ - small capital g - voiced uvular plosive noback sign \x0294 23 # ʔ - glottal stop - glottal plosive noback sign \x0271 235-134 # ɱ - left-tail m (at right) - voiced labiodental nasal noback sign \x0273 256-1345 # ɳ - right-tail n - voiced retroflex nasal noback sign \x0272 123456 # ɲ - left-tail n (at left) - voiced palatal nasal noback sign \x014B 1246 # ŋ - eng - voiced velar nasal noback sign \x0274 35-1345 # ɴ - small capital n - voiced uvular nasal noback sign \x0299 35-12 # ʙ - small capital b - voiced bilabial trill noback sign \x0280 35-1235 # ʀ - small capital r - voiced uvular trill noback sign \x027E 235-1235 # ɾ - fish-hook r - voiced alveolar tap noback sign \x027D 256-1235 # ɽ - right-tail r - voiced retroflex flap noback sign \x0278 46-124 # ɸ - 'phi' (latin small letter phi) - voiceless bilabial fricative (IPA Extensions here, greek phi is \x03D5) noback sign \x00F0 12456 # ð - edh - voiced dental fricative noback sign \x0283 156 # ʃ - esh - voiceless postalveolar fricative noback sign \x0292 2346 # ʒ - ezh - voiced postalveolar fricative noback sign \x0282 256-234 # ʂ - right-tail s (at left) - voiceless retroflex fricative noback sign \x0290 256-1356 # ʐ - right-tail z - voiced retroflex fricative noback sign \x029D 236-245 # ʝ - curly-tail j - voiced palatal fricative noback sign \x0263 46-1245 # ɣ - 'gamma' (latin small letter gamma) - voiced velar fricative (IPA Extensions here, greek gamma is \x03B3) noback sign \x0281 35-3456 # ʁ - inverted small capital r - voiced uvular fricative noback sign \x0127 235-125 # ħ - barred h - voiceless pharyngeal fricative noback sign \x0295 235-23 # ʕ - reversed glottal stop - voiced pharyngeal fricative or approximant noback sign \x0266 236-125 # ɦ - hooktop h - voiced glottal fricative noback sign \x026C 236-123 # ɬ - belted l - voiceless alveolar lateral fricative noback sign \x026E 123-5-2346 # ɮ - l-ezh ligature - voiced alveolar lateral fricative noback sign \x028B 236-1236 # ʋ - script v - voiced labiodental approximant noback sign \x0279 3456 # ɹ - turned r - voiced alveolar approximant noback sign \x027B 256-3456 # ɻ - turned r, right tail - voiced retroflex approximant noback sign \x0270 236-134 # ɰ - turned m, right leg - voiced velar approximant noback sign \x026D 256-123 # ɭ - right-tail l - voiced retroflex lateral approximant noback sign \x028E 236-13456 # ʎ - turned y - voiced palatal lateral approximant noback sign \x029F 35-123 # ʟ - small capital l - voiced velar lateral approximant #--------NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x0253 236-12 # ɓ - hooktop b - voiced bilabial implosive noback sign \x0257 236-145 # ɗ - hooktop d - voiced dental/alveolar implosive noback sign \x0284 236-35-245 # ʄ - hooktop barred dotless j - voiced palatal implosive noback sign \x0260 236-1245 # ɠ - hooktop g - voiced velar implosive noback sign \x029B 236-35-1245 # ʛ - hooktop small capital g - voiced uvular implosive noback sign \x0298 12346-1234 # ʘ - bull's eye - bilabial click noback sign \x01C0 12346-1456 # ǀ - pipe - dental click noback sign \x01C3 12346-2345 # ǃ - exclamation point - (post-)alveolar click noback sign \x01C2 12346-156 # ǂ - double-barred pipe - palatoalveolar click noback sign \x01C1 12346-123 # ǁ - double pipe - alveolar lateral click #--------OTHER PULMONIC CONSONANTS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x028D 235-2456 # ʍ - turned w - voiceless labial-velar fricative noback sign \x0265 256-125 # ɥ - turned h - voiced labial-palatal approximant noback sign \x029C 35-125 # ʜ - small capital h - voiceless epiglottal fricative noback sign \x02A1 236-23 # ʡ - barred glottal stop - epiglottal plosive noback sign \x02A2 35-23 # ʢ - barred reversed glottal stop - voiced epiglottal fricative noback sign \x0267 236-1246 # ɧ - hooktop heng - simultaneous voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative noback sign \x027A 236-3456 # ɺ - turned long-leg r - voiced alveolar lateral flap noback sign \x0255 236-14 # ɕ - curly-tail c - voiceless alveolopalatal fricative noback sign \x0291 236-1356 # ʑ - curly-tail z - voiced alveolopalatal fricative noback sign \x026B 235-123 # ɫ - lowercase l with tilde - velarized voiced alveolar lateral approximant #--------VOWELS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x025B 345 # ɛ - 'epsilon' (latin small letter open e) - open-mid front unrounded vowel (IPA Extensions here, greek epsilon is \x03B5) noback sign \x0251 16 # ɑ - script a - open back unrounded vowel noback sign \x0254 126 # ɔ - open o - open-mid back rounded vowel noback sign \x0276 35-246 # ɶ - small capital o-e ligature - open front rounded vowel noback sign \x0252 235-16 # ɒ - turned script a - open back rounded vowel noback sign \x028C 346 # ʌ - turned v (caret) - open-mid back unrounded vowel noback sign \x0264 235-135 # ɤ - ram's horns - close-mid back unrounded vowel noback sign \x026F 235-136 # ɯ - turned m - close back unrounded vowel noback sign \x0268 356-24 # ɨ - barred i - close central unrounded vowel noback sign \x0289 356-136 # ʉ - barred u - close central rounded vowel noback sign \x026A 34 # ɪ - small capital i - near-close near-front unrounded vowel noback sign \x028F 35-13456 # ʏ - small capital y - near-close near-front rounded vowel noback sign \x028A 12356 # ʊ - 'upsilon' (latin small letter upsilon) - near-close near-back rounded vowel (IPA Extensions here, greek upsilon is \x03C5) noback sign \x0259 26 # ə - schwa - mid central vowel noback sign \x0275 356-135 # ɵ - barred o - close-mid central rounded vowel noback sign \x0250 235-1 # ɐ - turned a - near-open central vowel noback sign \x025C 235-345 # ɜ - reversed epsilon - open-mid central unrounded vowel noback sign \x025A 26-5-1235 # ɚ - right-hook schwa - r-colored mid central vowel noback sign \x025E 236-345 # ɞ - closed reversed epsilon - open-mid central rounded vowel noback sign \x0258 235-15 # ɘ - reversed e - close-mid central unrounded vowel #--------DIACRITICS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x02BC 5-3 # ʼ - apostrophe - ejective noback sign \x0325 6-1246 # ̥ - ring below - voiceless noback sign \x030A 4-1246 # ̊ - ring above - voiceless noback sign \x02B0 4-125 # ʰ - superscript h - aspirated noback sign \x0324 6-25 # ̤ - umlaut below - breathy voiced noback sign \x0330 6-12456 # ̰ - tilde below - creaky voiced noback sign \x033C 6-12346 # ̼ - seagull below - linguolabial noback sign \x032A 6-1456 # ̪ - bridge below - dental noback sign \x033A 6-235-1456 # ̺ - inverted bridge below - apical noback sign \x033B 6-2356 # ̻ - square below - laminal noback sign \x0339 6-135 # ̹ - right half-ring below - more rounded noback sign \x031C 6-246 # ̜ - left half-ring below - less rounded noback sign \x031F 6-346 # ̟ - plus below - advanced noback sign \x0320 6-36 # ̠ - minus below - retracted noback sign \x0308 4-25 # ̈ - umlaut above - centralized noback sign \x033D 4-1346 # ̽ - over-cross above - mid-centralized noback sign \x0318 6-156 # ̘ - advancing sign below - advanced tongue root noback sign \x0319 6-234 # ̙ - retracting sign below - retracted tongue root noback sign \x02DE 5-1235 # ˞ - right hook - rhoticity noback sign \x02B7 4-2456 # ʷ - superscript w - labialized noback sign \x02B2 4-245 # ʲ - superscript j - palatalized noback sign \x02E0 4-46-1245 # ˠ - superscript gamma - velarized noback sign \x02E4 4-235-23 # ˤ - superscript reversed glottal stop - pharyngealized noback sign \x0303 4-12456 # ̃ - tilde above - nasalized noback sign \x207F 4-1345 # ⁿ - superscript n - nasal release noback sign \x02E1 4-123 # ˡ - superscript l - lateral release noback sign \x031A 4-145 # ̚ - corner above - no audible release noback sign \x0334 5-12456 # ̴ - superimposed tilde - velarized or pharyngealized noback sign \x031D 6-345 # ̝ - raising sign below - raised noback sign \x031E 6-126 # ̞ - lowering sign below - lowered noback sign \x0329 6-23 # ̩ - vertical line below - syllabic noback sign \x0361 5 # ͡ - top tie bar - affricate or double articulation #--------SUPRASEGMENTALS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x02C8 456-12 # ˈ - vertical stroke (superior) - (primary) stress noback sign \x02CC 456-23 # ˌ - vertical stroke (inferior) - secondary stress noback sign \x02D0 25 # ː - length mark - long noback sign \x02D1 5-2 # ˑ - half-length mark - half-long noback sign \x0306 4-12356 # ̆ - breve above - extra-short noback sign \x203F 456-123 # ‿ - bottom tie bar - linking (absence of a break) #--------TONES AND WORD ACCENTS-------- # UNICODE DOTS # GLYPH - TYPOGRAPHIC DESC. - ARTICULATORY DESC. noback sign \x030B 4-6-34 # ̋ - double acute accent above - extra high level tone noback sign \x0301 4-34 # ́ - acute accent above - high level tone noback sign \x0304 4-14 # ̄ - macron above - mid level tone noback sign \x0300 4-16 # ̀ - grave accent above - low level tone noback sign \x030F 4-6-16 # ̏ - double grave accent above - extra low level tone noback sign \x030C 4-236 # ̌ - wedge above - rising contour tone noback sign \x0302 4-146 # ̂ - circumflex above - falling contour tone noback sign \x1DC4 4-24 # ᷄ (UTF-16) - macron-acute above - high -rising contour tone noback sign \x1DC5 4-35 # ᷅ (UTF-16) - grave-macron above - low-rising contour tone noback sign \x1DC8 4-256 # ᷈ (UTF-16) - grave-acute- grave above - rising-falling contour tone noback sign \xF19D 456-2346 # - down arrow - downstep noback sign \x02E5 456-4-14 # ˥ - extra-high (55) tone bar - extra high level tone noback sign \x02E6 456-14 # ˦ - high (44) tone bar - high level tone noback sign \x02E7 456-25 # ˧ - mid (33) tone bar - mid level tone noback sign \x02E8 456-36 # ˨ - low (22) tone bar - low level tone noback sign \x02E9 456-6-36 # ˩ - extra-low (11) tone bar - extra low level tone